Glue and process of making same



I No Drawing.

Patented Apr. 24, 1928.

PAUL KREISMAIIN, 0F CHIQAGO, ILLINOIS.

GLUE AND rnocnss or MAKING sun The objectof my invention is to provide a glue of superior quality which can be used as a substitute for animal glue in veneer, joint and other work; and also to provide a simple process for making the glue in an inexpensive and convenient manner.

I have found that potato starch and clay form a base which, when converted, produces a glue of superior quality which seems to act like a cement'and is very satisfactory for all kinds of work. The extensive tests I have made and the commercialuse of the invention lead me to believeuthat starch of potatoes is the best kind of starch forthis purpose. Tapioca sago, wheat and corn starches ma be used but the quality of the glue will, ot course, vary with the quality of the starch, I

In the manufacture of potato starch as usually practiced at the present time, the

. potatoes are crushed or reduced to a finely divided condition and then treated with cold water to separate the starch from the fibre. The starch is then dried in some approved manner and the fibrous pulp residue has heretofore been disposed of as waste mate? rial. Since potatoes grown in this country consist of approximately 78 parts water, 13

' parts. starch and 9 parts fibrous residue y weight there isat hand an ample supply of this fibrous residue available for use in 8.0

- cordance with my invention.

produced with a mixture, preferably dry, 90 to Glue is used for many different purposes and the quality of: glue required varies with the character of the wor According to my present investigations have found that a use for making v glue can be satisfactorily? o pounds .of starchand 10 to 50 pounds of clay to which is added 2 to 5 POllIidS Of a suitable alkali caustic soda for examplefor ever 100- pounds of the mix-' ture of starchan' clay.

I, have found that kaolin, which is a high 1 ade form of clay, used in the manufacture of porcelain and china is a very satisfactory clay material touse, and I have also used other clays and-also other materials, such as whiting, which,';tdr my purpose seemed to be equivalents in 'a greater or lesser degree,

- and I therefore desire to include. within the general term clay not only kaolin and other suitable clays but also all equivalent material suitable for the purpose.

My experience is that for especially high class work a glue base having about 88 which to the, jacket to Application filed March 28, 1921. Serial 1%. 45s,19a;

ounds of potato starch,12 pounds ofkaoin and 5 pounds of alkali produces an especially satisfactory glue. For paste board boxes, shooks and other common. work a satisfactory glue maybe madewith a base composed of 50 pounds of potato starch, 50 pounds of clay and 3 to 5 pounds of alkali.

A heavy bodied glue is desired for porous woods and soft. materials and a low glue is desired for hard woods and other hard materials.

I may use from 250 to 400 pounds of water to 100' pounds of the mixture; the propor- 'tions varying according to the character of the glue desired. I recommend the use of 265 to 27 5. pounds of water to every 100 7 pounds of the high grade mixture. The watercontent in a low'grade mixture for common work may run up to 400p0unds to 100 pounds of the mixture. If the proportion of water for a given mixture is increased to bodied thin the glueit will correspondingly reduce thebody. To avoid this I proposeto add a quantity of finely ground otato fibre which will preserve the desired ody for the-glue and at the same-time permit the addition of water. i In 'otherwords I find that by the addition of finely ground potato fibre to the glue base the proportion of water can be considerably increased to provide a solution havin the heavy body-of a high grade glue suitab e for medium-and common work.

In preparing the glue I have found it satisfagtory to proceed as follows:

I preferably usea. kettle havinga steam jacket and an agitator and operate the agitator throughout the rocess. I use from 250 to 500 pounds 0 cold water to pounds of the base. The cold water is first put in the kettle, the agitator operating, 4

then the base is added and steam. is admitted erably to 144 in co (1 water'in the proportion of one part of. alkali to about three parts of water by wei' ht, and this solution is then slowly added to t e mixture in the kettlein the proportion of 3 [to 5 pounds of alkali to 100 pounds of the base. Meanwhile the temperature is raised to 165 F. or thereabguts. My experience has been that the best results are obtained when the temperature has reached about 165 F., but it is well known that conversion will take place at'a lower temperature as well as at a somewhat higher temperature. The conversion will be indi-' raise the temperature 'pref- F. The alkali is dissolved but it will be understood by cated when the solution will run off of .a

'paddle or a stick in a long tenacious thread,

1" the temperature israised sufficiently to effect the conversion as heretofore described.

The proportions herein mentioned are those which my present investigations and practical work with the improved glue and process have proved to produce what I now consider to-be the most satisfactory results, those skilled in the art that the proportions of the materials and the temperatures maybe varied as will be found desirable according to the character and quality of the materials used, the

grade of glue desired and the conditions of manufacture.

I prefer to prepare a base of potato starch and clay, with or without the fibrous material and the alkali, as before described, but if desired these materials may be supplied separately and combined for the first time in the kettle. The starch, clay, fibrous material and alkali may be put in the kettle in any order desired. I use clay pulverized to a powder and free from grit, because it'enables it to carry more water, makes the glue I is quick setting, which is especially desirable for work during hot weather and the glue ,hasim'proved qualities which makes it desirable in the trade.

'I claim:

1. The process of making vegetable Inc which consists in mixing potato starch, c ay, water and an alkali, and subjecting themixture to heat until the mixture is rendered semi-fluid by conversion. i

2. The process of making vegetable glue which consists in mixing potato starch, potato fibre,clay, water and an alkali, and subjecting the mixture to heat until the mixture is rendered semi-fluid by conversion.

3. The process ofmaking vegetable glue which consists in mixing-potato starch, clay, I

an alkali and waterin or about the proportionsof v to 50 pounds of potato starch,

and 10 to 50 pounds of clay with 3 to 5 pounds-of alkali and adding 250 to 400 pounds of water to pounds .of the above mixture, agitating and raising the temperature of said mixtureto approximately F. until the mixture is converted and then cooling the mixture.

- PAUL KREISMANN. 

